What is the main function of a GFCI breaker in a circuit?

The main function of a GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) breaker is to provide ground fault protection. This involves monitoring the current flowing through the live and neutral wires of a circuit. If it detects any imbalance in the current, which indicates that some of the current may be leaking through an unintended path (such as through water or a person's body), the GFCI breaker quickly disconnects power to prevent electric shock or potential electrocution.

GFCI breakers are especially important in areas where water is present, such as bathrooms and kitchens, because they significantly enhance electrical safety. They do not provide overload protection, short circuit protection, or surge protection. Instead, those functions are handled by other types of breakers – overload protection typically prevents overheating from excessive current, short circuit protection responds to rapid increases in current, and surge protection guards against transient voltage spikes. Thus, the role of a GFCI breaker is crucial in enhancing electrical safety in environments that pose higher risks of ground faults.